Q:-11
Do you think that in Kanthapura Raja Rao uses myth to risest ? Explain

=> Introduction:-

 

          Raja Rao was born on November 8,1908 in Hassan in the state of  Mysore in South India, Raja Rao was a well-know Brahmin family. His native language was kanarese, but his post-graduate education was in France , and if all this publications in book from in English.

             Raja Rao was concerned with the colonial language . in the foreword to ‘Kanthapura’ (19380)  published in London, if then he admitted the difficulties are

“ A language that is not one’s  Own the spirit that is one’s own”

And conveying,the various shades and omissions of Certain thought movement that looks Maltreated in an alien language”

                RajaRao the novel  Kanthapura (1938) was an the impact of Gandhi’s teaching  on non-violent resistance against the British  and then Raja Rao borrows the style and structure from Indian  vernacular tales and folk epic.

                  The novel Kanthapura in the character of the young man Moorthy who comes back from the city Kanthapura , then Rao   portrays an idealist and supporter of ahinsa and satayagraha , if also create  to cross the traditional barriers of caste , as then the old women calls the ‘ university Graduate’ , and has given up his, 

“Boots and hat and  suit and had taken

To dhoti and khadi , and it was said he

Had even given up his city habit of smoking”

 

=>Myth:-

 

   Myth is a imagination not a reality . myth is always comes from  past . it Raja Rao also used the myth in framework . myth always related with ideal truth and real world . the use of mythical technique means that the past is juxtaposed with the present in this way the past may serve us criticism of the present or it may be used to heighten and glorify the preset . according to Meenakshi Mukhrjee,

“ Kanthapura is again another and a

Larger attempt at creating a sthala

Purana , that is a legendary tale of

A  specific locality”

   

                       Myth always tells individual story , early  history of people, social background supernatural beings of events.

  =>Importance of myth  Kanthapura:-

          Myth is one type of particular device that introduce cultural background and historical movement Kanthapura novel written by raja Rao . Raja Rao is using the myth in Kanthapura. The importance of myth in Kanthapura is a microcosm of the Indian society with division of people into castes, untouchability, poverty  exploitation and  foreign ruler and ruthless tyranny at their hands and then the division of the village into the Brahmin quarters the potter quarters  and so on speak of the age long caste system  and untouchability.

  Raja Rao write,    

                                      

“ There is no village in India says Raja Rao , however mean that has not a rich sthala Purana or legendry history of its own some God or god like hero has passed by the village Rama might have rested under the papal  tree…..”

             The using  central myth of Kanthapura is of ram-sita-ravana, which  is the used to illustrate the fight between Mahatma Gandhi and the British and another use of myth Siva is the three eyed god so is swaraj and parvati wooed   and won Siva through penances , so does gandhi , Endeavour,  attain independence through penances so does Gandhi Endeavour to attain independence through ordeals the myth of Kanthapura is connected with the Ramayana and Mahabharata. The independence is like sita sullied at the hands of ravana and Gandhi like rama  strives to regain her .  Gandhi’s visit to England for the round table  conference is like the  visit of ram to lanka after  Ravana’s defeat if their Gandhi is rama and  Jawaharlal Nehru is bharta. 

             In this novel Kanthapura it is a small and beautiful village of people  but who still belongs to the old world of superstition . Raja Rao use Indian myth sensibility and tradition myth in the novel. Kanthapura shares certain narrative technique with Purana. The story by a village grandmother  and the style reflect oral heritage also  represent the harikathas. In the village we see the one temple and  this temple is most important for villagers. In this temple Jayaramchar narrate ‘ Harikathas’ and many katha  related on Gandhian ideas. Raja Rao use  Indian sensibility, tradition myth mysticism , religion , techniques in the novel. Raja Rao tells us that as soon as Gandhi was born “ the four wide walls began to shine like the kingdom of the sun, and hardly was he in the cradle than the began to lisp the language of wisdom” the harikathas man Jayaramchar raises Gandhi to the level of god by his activities with one particular feat of Krishna.

 

“ you remember how Krishna when he was But a babe of four, had began to fight against Demons and had killed the serpent kali,so Too our Mohandas began to fight, against The enemies of the country”

=>Conclusion:-

       Raja Rao has also  used the  myth and reality in the novel ‘Kanthapura’ through their  customs, attitudes , ritual and also through their  belief about the religiosity.

 

Assignment

Q.2 : Write a critical note on the character of   Gulliver as a misanthropist?

 => Introduction :

        

       Gulliver's Travels,a misanthropic satire of humanity,was written in 1726 by Jonathan Swift, like many other authors, Swift uses a journey as the backdrop for his satire.He invents a second author, Captain Lemuel Gulliver, who narrates a speaks directly to the reader from his own experience.The original title of Swifts novel was "Travel into several Remote Nations of the world.In four parts by Lemuel Gulliver's.First Surgeon and then Captain of several ships."

        Jonathan Swift story, Gulliver's Travels, is a very clever story.It recounts the fictitious journey of fictitious man named Lemuel Gulliver, and his travel to the fantasy land of Lilliput.Brobdingnag, Laputta and Houyhnhnm land.When one first land, one may believe that they are reading humorous account of fairy - tale - like land that are intended to amused children when one reads this story in the light of it being a satire. The story are still humorous public statement about the affairs of England and of the human race as a whole. 

=> Gulliver's Role :

       Gulliver is the undistinguished third of five sons of a man of very modest means. He is of good and solid — but unimaginative — English stock. Gulliver was born in Nottingham shire, a sedate county without eccentricity. He attended Emmanuel College, a respected, but not dazzling, school. The neighborhoods that Gulliver lived in — Old Jury, Fetter Lane, and Wapping — are all lower-middle-class sections. He is, in short, Mr. British middle class of his time.

        Gulliver is also, as might be expected, "gullible." He believes what he is told. He is an honest man, and he expects others to be honest. This expectation makes for humor — and also for irony. We can be sure that what Gulliver tells us will be accurate. And we can also be fairly sure that Gulliver does not always understand the meaning of what he sees. The result is a series of astonishingly detailed, dead-pan scenes. For example, when Gulliver awakens in Lilliput, he gradually discovers, moving from one exact detail to another, that he is a prisoner of men six inches tall.

        In Book I, Gulliver's possesses moral superiority to the petty — and tiny — Lilliputians, who show themselves to be a petty, cruel, vengeful, and self-serving race. Morally and politically, Gulliver is their superior. Here, Swift, through Gulliver, makes clear that the normal person is concerned with honor, gratitude, common sense, and kindness. The representative person (a Lilliputian) is a midget, figuratively and literally, compared with a moral person (Gulliver)

 => Gulliver as a misanthropist :

        “I hate and detest that animal called man…”  This is a portion of a sentence from a letter of the world famous satirist Jonathan Swift to Alexander Pope. “The Gulliver’s Travels” is Swift’s masterpiece, a universal satire satirizing the mankind as a whole. However, Book I of this satire is actually directed to the political circumstances and corruption of the then England. Yet, it is also applicable to general tendency of the political leaders of other countries alike. Again, the Book II shows the abuse of power. But Swift most violently attacks the human being and shows his utter hatred towards the whole mankind in the Book IV. For this reason, Swift is called a misanthrope, a hater of mankind. Now let us evaluate the point giving references from the text and comments of different critics.

At the very first travel, Gulliver, Swift’s mouthpiece, appears to such a land where lives an unbelievable ‘human creature not more than six inches high’ . Actually, Swift’s this presentation of an impossible physical smallness of the human race is desired to show the possible mental smallness.

At the second book of the travels, Swift introduces us with a dangerous ‘rope-dance’ among the political competitors, which may cause their serious physical injury, in performing their ‘dexterity and magnificence’ in front of the king to achieve his favour. Even, “Flimnap would have infallibly broke his neck if one of the King’s cushions that actually lay on the ground had not weakened his fall.”  This symbolical story ironically means Walpol’s (Flimnap’s) keeping his power ok by using one of the King’s mistresses (King’s cushions), with whom he had an illegal relationship. Though it seems a personal attack, it actually aims at the common human tendency to keep power by unfair means.

The human beings have an instinct to make quarrel and war. The long war between the ‘Lilliputians’ and the ‘Blefuscus’ on a trivial issue for a long time proves their love for war. They continue the war for many years on the point that which end of an egg to break, larger or smaller end.

Swift’s mouthpiece of misanthropy now is the king of Brobdingnags who having heard an account of Gulliver’s native people throws a pungent attack on the whole mankind-

“I can not but conclude the bulk of your natives, to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth.”

 

=> To wind up :

       Throughout the book “Gulliver’s Travels” by Jonathan Swift, the character Gulliver changes many times. During and after part two and four of the book a noticeable change in Gulliver starts to occur. He himself may not see it but the reader sees it and ones attitude towards Gulliver might change due to Gulliver’s changes. Throughout these two parts, we see Gulliver as an adventurous man that wants to see everything that has been created in the world. During his second adventure Gulliver see the opposite side of the spectrum and has to fend for his life because of his small size, which causes him to lose his view of human size when he goes back to England. In addition, he starts to defend England in his talks, which are totally opposite of how he started. In part four we see the most change in Gulliver, he has lost a grip on reality and no longer wants to accept the fact that he is what he is and looks like a Yahoo. In part two and four of Gulliver’s Travels, we can say that Gulliver as a misanthropist also we can see changes within Gulliver.

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How literature formed me?

How Literature formed me?


How Literature formed me?


Literature is nothing but the way of Living Life.

Firstly, Literature is written by different persons though they belong to different culture, community, regions in short different variations and in different time.

            Finally, the day has come as I was looking for the answer of Literature. Here, I'm making an effort to throw some more light on my own write up (my view points) about literature. When I completed my graduation at that time I was not able to digest literature. But now I do have consciousness and significance of literature in my life as it taught me numerous stuffs and made me what I am today.

    Here are those two image about Literature that have been written by me at the time of taking admission in M.A.







“It is our choice that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities”

 Firstly, I would like to express my opinion as literature designed my life and it matters more in my life too.

“Literature is not something to put your mind into, literature is something only a heart can understand”

Literature, for me, is like a ray of hope in this shadowy world. It is an escape from the negativity of life.  I write this things because it always stimulates me. In my poetry I always write things regarding gloominess and pessimism than it turned into optimism .It has given me a new perception and has drastically changed me as a person as it just made me a better person, more humble, modest, sensitive, sympathetic towards others and great things that imaginative power and judging the things which literature provided me. Last but not the list that is Nature as Literature possesses the thematic concern such as Nature.

And I personally believe that it is like Friend, Philosopher and Guide. Moreover, Literature is like the pole star to the lost; it guides one through miseries in life by sharing to people the experiences who have gone through such situations and overcome them.

To others it is like a friend, a companion in one can see his/her true reflection. Reading it gives him a feeling that he is the one being depicted.

            Studying literature is a critical components in education, it teaches us to see our self-reflected in Art as it is the form of Art. It allows people to learn about life. It is also teaches universal human experience. It is also allows us to know about customs, rituals, beliefs, superstitions and culture of other religion and develop secular approach towards it, and also helps us to see the world people, place , things,  events through different eyes by different viewpoint.

Let’s stretch review of literary texts which I studied in M.A.

·        Renaissance Literature (Hamlet, Paradise Lost, Dr. Faustus, and Poetry of John Donne)
·        Neo-Classical (Gulliver’s Travels)
·        Criticism (Plato, Aristotle, Theories)
·        I.W.E (Tagore, Fakeer of Jhungheera, Kanthapura, The Purpose)


While studying literature it also provided me new angle looking at poetry as William Wordsworth makes remarks about poetry in his Lyrical Ballads that

“Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, taking its origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity”.

Moreover, my perspective about poetry got new height when I came across the poems of John Keats as his poems contain Beauty, pain, power, imagination, nature, love. Keats as the supreme lover of beauty says,

“A thing of beauty is joy forever”.
“Beauty is truth, truth is beauty
That is all ye know on earth,
And all ye need to know”

Now Let’s talk about Indian Literature Here in this paper I mostly like one poem The Fakeer of Jhungheera by Henry Derozio . This is a love poem but strongly it criticized Indian Society especially Derozio talks about rigid ruled and rituals of Satipratha.

Plays

Hamlet is the tragedy of the Philosopher and thinking man what I learnt from this play that never take too much time for taking any kinds of decisions. As we know that because

Introduction

This is Abulhasan Abedi student of Smt. S.B Gardi English department,

Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar University. I have completed my bachelor degree and B.Ed degree from the same university. My areas of interest is Literature and sports.